too bad I had not joined this group earlier. Valves were only approved in 2018. Just had valves placed in November 2023 and could not be more pleased. Mine were done at Duke University. Duke got in on the ground floor of valve research so that they have been working with them for well over 5 years and have extremely experienced Interventional pulmonologist. so very glad I did it. Has made a world of difference with my stage IV copd