Cause of PMR

Posted by teddyz @teddyz, Feb 4, 2024

https://med.stanford.edu/news/all-news/2024/02/women-autoimmune.html
This article isn't light reading but goes into why women are more likely to have autoimmune diseases than men. Bottom line - it's thanks to our 2 X chromosomes. If you skip down to the bottom of the article, they say the discovery could lead to better screening for autoimmune disorders that are associated with the Xist gene that they explain in the article.

Interested in more discussions like this? Go to the Polymyalgia Rheumatica (PMR) Support Group.

I believe PMR has an inherited component in some people. Judging by the symptoms, I would say my mother had it at about the age I had it, got some prednisone, and then lived to 101 with no more symptoms and as many faculties as a few small strokes near the end allowed. It struck at a very stressful time in her life and they called it bursitis. I also believe my grandmother had it at a young age during a stressful time in her life. They didn't have prednisone then and she suffered the rest of her life, also perhaps getting GCA according to her symptoms. At that time they didn't know they could be related. My mother and I were healthy and active otherwise. I have had all the covid shots and boosters with no ill effects. I also had covid once last year, but Paxlovid knocked it out pretty quickly.

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Profile picture for jiffaw @jiffaw

Wondering how in the world I ended up with this disease. I’m nearly 75, white female who has been healthy my whole life. I’ve always been active and cook my own healthy meals. No fast food, no simple carbs, no fried food, some sugar but not a lot. Around the beginning of January I began to notice some carpal tunnel symptoms in my right dominant hand. Soon after I began waking up with aching biceps in both arms. Then one morning I woke up and felt like I had cement in my arms, shoulders thighs and hips. I literally couldn’t do anything. Luckily I have a husband in good physical shape who assisted me with everything.
I immediately started researching on line and found information on PMR. I got an appointment with my GP who is an internist and she examined me and ordered a full battery of tests. My symptoms and labs came back as textbook PMR. She gave me an urgent referral to a rheumatologist and started me on 15 mg prednisone and gabapentin for my arm and wrist pain. In a few days I was about 75% improved with the exception of my right bicep and inability to use my right hand. I was able to see the rheumatologist in about a week. After his evaluation he started me on methotrexate 2.5 mg 5 tabs once a week and folic acid and continued prednisone 15 mg daily. He said the methotrexate would help me with the titration of prednisone. I have osteopenia and I guess it’s supposed to help prevent more bone loss from the prednisone. I’ve put myself on a strict diet, no salt, no sugar (a little honey) and eat calcium rich food and 5,000 iu vitamin D. Some other support groups I’m in are trying to warn me about the terrible side effects of methotrexate. After my first dose this week I’ve had no side effects yet. I just try to keep moving and drinking lots of fluids. I’m still in a state of denial about the fact that this disease can last for years, in and out of remission, and that I may have to take either or both prednisone and methotrexate for the rest of my life, putting me at risk of dying from Covid or some other virus or infection. Is it the fact that I’ve come in contact online with so many others who have been newly diagnosed with this relatively unknown disease (even many doctors have had no experience with PMR) that I feel it’s something in our environment or vaccines that’s causing more of it to occur in the last few years? Anyone else having these thoughts ?

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@jiffaw Plastics (endocrine disruptors) and industrial and agricultural pollution, including PFAs.

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I realize that PMR has, currently, no known single cause. I used AI (Perplexity) to answer the questions, "What causes PMR?" Here is what it said.
Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) does not have a single known cause; current evidence points to a mix of genetic susceptibility, aging of the immune system, and environmental triggers such as infections or (more rarely) vaccines and other inflammatory stressors. It is best understood as an immune‑mediated inflammatory disorder rather than something caused by muscle overuse or a mechanical problem.

What is known vs unknown

Experts agree that the exact cause of PMR is unknown, so there is no single confirmed trigger that explains all cases. PMR is thought to arise when an aging immune system becomes dysregulated in genetically susceptible people, leading to inflammation around shoulders, hips, and other proximal structures.

Genetic and age factors

Family clustering and specific immune‑related genes (such as certain HLA class II types, especially HLA‑DRB1*04) suggest a genetic predisposition to PMR. The condition occurs almost exclusively in people over 50, with peak onset in the 70s, indicating that age‑related immune and hormonal changes contribute substantially.

Immune and autoimmune mechanisms

PMR is an immune‑mediated inflammatory disease where cytokines such as interleukin‑6 (IL‑6) are elevated, and patients typically have raised inflammatory markers like ESR and CRP. The immune profile shows changes in T cells and B cells consistent with an autoimmune‑type process, but there is no single characteristic autoantibody, so it is often described as immune‑mediated rather than classic autoantibody‑driven autoimmunity.

Environmental and infectious triggers

Several lines of evidence suggest that environmental factors can trigger PMR in predisposed individuals, including seasonal clustering of new cases and associations with infections. Proposed infectious triggers have included respiratory pathogens such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae, parvovirus B19, and other respiratory viruses, but none has been definitively proven as “the” cause.

Vaccines, comorbid disease, and other associations

Case reports describe PMR or PMR‑like syndromes occurring after influenza or other vaccinations, possibly as part of a broader autoimmune/inflammatory reaction, though this remains uncommon and causality is not firmly established. PMR is closely linked with giant cell arteritis and has reported associations with conditions like diverticulitis and, rarely, underlying malignancy, reinforcing the idea that systemic immune and inflammatory milieu, rather than a single external agent, drives the disease.

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Profile picture for 54pontiac @54pontiac

I believe PMR has an inherited component in some people. Judging by the symptoms, I would say my mother had it at about the age I had it, got some prednisone, and then lived to 101 with no more symptoms and as many faculties as a few small strokes near the end allowed. It struck at a very stressful time in her life and they called it bursitis. I also believe my grandmother had it at a young age during a stressful time in her life. They didn't have prednisone then and she suffered the rest of her life, also perhaps getting GCA according to her symptoms. At that time they didn't know they could be related. My mother and I were healthy and active otherwise. I have had all the covid shots and boosters with no ill effects. I also had covid once last year, but Paxlovid knocked it out pretty quickly.

Jump to this post

@54pontiac
I do think it might be stress related, I had a stressful time 9 years ago and had my first symptoms of PMR. Today I have the same symptoms and a very painful flare up. Last year was also a very stressful time for me. I never believed that stress could be the cause of a disease but I guess I was wrong..?

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Profile picture for 54pontiac @54pontiac

I believe PMR has an inherited component in some people. Judging by the symptoms, I would say my mother had it at about the age I had it, got some prednisone, and then lived to 101 with no more symptoms and as many faculties as a few small strokes near the end allowed. It struck at a very stressful time in her life and they called it bursitis. I also believe my grandmother had it at a young age during a stressful time in her life. They didn't have prednisone then and she suffered the rest of her life, also perhaps getting GCA according to her symptoms. At that time they didn't know they could be related. My mother and I were healthy and active otherwise. I have had all the covid shots and boosters with no ill effects. I also had covid once last year, but Paxlovid knocked it out pretty quickly.

Jump to this post

@54pontiac In early December '24 I had a planned trip to Patagonia. In the previous October, I developed a lot of pain in my knee and after an MRI, I was diagnosed with a torn meniscus. I was desperate to find relief so I could go on my trip. I tried many avenues to fix my problem but as the departure date got closer and closer to my trip, it seemed like I wasn't going to be able to go. This does sound trivial but I had my trip planned over a year before I was going and, in addition, I had two other friends that were joining me. By December 10th, I was diagnosed with PMR right after all of my attempts to get a quick fix for my knee. I believe I stressed myself out trying to find a way to be able to go on my trip.

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Profile picture for ndep @ndep

@54pontiac
I do think it might be stress related, I had a stressful time 9 years ago and had my first symptoms of PMR. Today I have the same symptoms and a very painful flare up. Last year was also a very stressful time for me. I never believed that stress could be the cause of a disease but I guess I was wrong..?

Jump to this post

@ndep
I also think PMR is stress related. We moved to Idaho from California in 2018, then in 2022 decided to move back to California. While in the process of selling our house in Idaho it fell out of escrow twice. The second time we were notified within 30 minutes of the moving truck leaving with all of our possessions. We had to walk away from the house we were in escrow in California and lose our earnest money. Then we had to pay to get all of our stuff back. Six months later we relisted our house got a cash offer in three days and moved to California. Three months later I got hit with PMR. Couldn't raise my arms, turn my neck, rollover in bed or dress myself.

REPLY
Profile picture for jiffaw @jiffaw

Wondering how in the world I ended up with this disease. I’m nearly 75, white female who has been healthy my whole life. I’ve always been active and cook my own healthy meals. No fast food, no simple carbs, no fried food, some sugar but not a lot. Around the beginning of January I began to notice some carpal tunnel symptoms in my right dominant hand. Soon after I began waking up with aching biceps in both arms. Then one morning I woke up and felt like I had cement in my arms, shoulders thighs and hips. I literally couldn’t do anything. Luckily I have a husband in good physical shape who assisted me with everything.
I immediately started researching on line and found information on PMR. I got an appointment with my GP who is an internist and she examined me and ordered a full battery of tests. My symptoms and labs came back as textbook PMR. She gave me an urgent referral to a rheumatologist and started me on 15 mg prednisone and gabapentin for my arm and wrist pain. In a few days I was about 75% improved with the exception of my right bicep and inability to use my right hand. I was able to see the rheumatologist in about a week. After his evaluation he started me on methotrexate 2.5 mg 5 tabs once a week and folic acid and continued prednisone 15 mg daily. He said the methotrexate would help me with the titration of prednisone. I have osteopenia and I guess it’s supposed to help prevent more bone loss from the prednisone. I’ve put myself on a strict diet, no salt, no sugar (a little honey) and eat calcium rich food and 5,000 iu vitamin D. Some other support groups I’m in are trying to warn me about the terrible side effects of methotrexate. After my first dose this week I’ve had no side effects yet. I just try to keep moving and drinking lots of fluids. I’m still in a state of denial about the fact that this disease can last for years, in and out of remission, and that I may have to take either or both prednisone and methotrexate for the rest of my life, putting me at risk of dying from Covid or some other virus or infection. Is it the fact that I’ve come in contact online with so many others who have been newly diagnosed with this relatively unknown disease (even many doctors have had no experience with PMR) that I feel it’s something in our environment or vaccines that’s causing more of it to occur in the last few years? Anyone else having these thoughts ?

Jump to this post

@jiffaw
I think there is more a genetic link than people realize. Something triggers that gene, probably trauma from a wound or infection, and sets it in motion. Seems so unfair that most people on here who have led healthy lifestyles seem to be a target for this nasty disease.

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Profile picture for caroljeand @caroljeand

@jiffaw
I think there is more a genetic link than people realize. Something triggers that gene, probably trauma from a wound or infection, and sets it in motion. Seems so unfair that most people on here who have led healthy lifestyles seem to be a target for this nasty disease.

Jump to this post

@caroljeand

If PMR is anything like Reactive Arthritis (ReA) then there is a genetic predisposition that is triggered by an infection. The following link was updated recently.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537274/
--------------------------
"Familial aggregation of PMR has suggested a genetic predisposition.[1] HLA class II alleles are found to be associated with PMR, and among these, the HLA-DRB1*04 allele correlates most frequently, seen in up to 67% of cases.[2] Genetic polymorphisms for ICAM-1, RANTES, and IL-1 receptors also appear to play a role in the pathogenesis of PMR in some populations.[3]

There were reports of increased incidence of PMR along with GCA during epidemics of mycoplasma pneumonia and parvovirus B19 in Denmark, suggesting a possible role of infection in etiopathogenesis.[4] The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has also been proposed as a possible trigger for PMR.[5] However, several other studies have not supported an infectious etiology hypothesis.[6][7]

There are also reports of an association between PMR and diverticulitis, which could suggest a role of a change in microbiota and chronic bowel inflammation in the immunopathogenesis of the disease.[8]"

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Profile picture for chpfireball @chpfireball

@ndep
I also think PMR is stress related. We moved to Idaho from California in 2018, then in 2022 decided to move back to California. While in the process of selling our house in Idaho it fell out of escrow twice. The second time we were notified within 30 minutes of the moving truck leaving with all of our possessions. We had to walk away from the house we were in escrow in California and lose our earnest money. Then we had to pay to get all of our stuff back. Six months later we relisted our house got a cash offer in three days and moved to California. Three months later I got hit with PMR. Couldn't raise my arms, turn my neck, rollover in bed or dress myself.

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@chpfireball. I bet that most of the people diagnosed with PMR have had the same type of experience and then onset as you describe. I, for one, had a similar series of events that were immediately (within 3-6 months) prior to my PMR. Stress seems to be the straw that breaks the camels back. Maybe not a sole cause (like genetics) but a very important component . Thanks for sharing your stress story. Hope that fiasco has been straightened out by now.

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Profile picture for ndep @ndep

@54pontiac
I do think it might be stress related, I had a stressful time 9 years ago and had my first symptoms of PMR. Today I have the same symptoms and a very painful flare up. Last year was also a very stressful time for me. I never believed that stress could be the cause of a disease but I guess I was wrong..?

Jump to this post

@ndep
My body went through physical stress due to a traumatic injury to the foot requiring 7 stitches. I am sure that triggered it for me.
Any stress can cause the body to react in a way we can’t understand.

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