The right time to start radiation post RP with an increasing PSA?

Posted by erustand @erustand, 2 days ago

I'm 57 years old and had a Robotic Radical Prostatectomy on 12/1/2022. Since then I've been diligent in my post operation blood work and PSA monitoring.
In January of 2024 my PSA went from undetectable to .04 and three months later .07. Then fall of 204 and into 2025 my levels went to .11 and now the most recent .17. I've consulted with an oncologist and it has been suggested to begin targeted radiation with testosterone suppression. My formal radiation oncology appointment is tomorrow.
A PSMA PET scan showed no signs of cancer but my doctor is suggesting that it is absolutely the beginning of a clinical recurrence and better to start earlier than later with this course of treatment. To me it seems confusing that the PET came back negative but a positive oncologist is so certain that it is there.
Am I better to begin with the assumption that cancer is back and not actively monitor for a period of time? How do we know where to target the radiation if nothing is showing on the PSMA PET scan?
What am I not asking or what am I missing in the advice I have gotten so far?

Interested in more discussions like this? Go to the Prostate Cancer Support Group.

My experience and my recollection of others who have posted would be to follow your Drs recommendations and begin salvage radiation treatment (SRT).
I had RP in Aug 2022 and my postop PSA was .19
Negative PSMA pet scan (which ruled out identifiable metastases w/in the limits of the scan's sensitivity)
WPRT w/ short term ADT Feb - June 2023 (IMRT radiation)
2 1/2 years undetectable PSA since completing SRT
My understanding is that in the absence of specific lesions, the thinking is that residual cells in the prostate region exist and need attention.
Best wishes.

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Profile picture for abinoone @abinoone

@jeffmarc why are you so aggressively defensive? I simply advised the gentleman to listen to his medical team rather than laymen, as I'm sure any qualified professional would do.

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@abinoone
One reason is that ASCO is not a group of laymen.

You are new here so you don’t know about what has been going on with people around the country when they get poor treatment. We see it frequently in this forum. People whose doctors have not followed the standards of care and apparently don’t know what the standards are. So following your medical team can be a mistake if you are not informed about what the standards of care are.

I not only participate in this forum, but I go to nine online advanced prostate cancer meetings every month. I hear stories all the time from people that have not been given the minimum required treatment, and as a result, have aggressive prostate cancer.

It’s fine to listen to your medical team, but it is better to find out what the required treatment is so that when you speak to your medical team, you are informed and can ask for what should be the standard of care.

A good example of this is oncologists. There are medical oncologist, whose treat all different types of cancer, but aren’t experts on prostate cancer. Then there are Genito Urinary Oncologists, Who specialize in prostate cancer and know all of the standards and the new things going on because that is their specialty. I frequently hear about people who are going to medical oncologist, but aren’t being treated correctly.

We see this happening frequently when people are given Lupron without First having Biclutamide For a couple of weeks. Then they get a testosterone flare that increases their PSA and makes their cancer worse for a little while, and maybe longer.. This is another one of those things that happens frequently, but if the people come here, they can be informed ahead of time. For some reason, not all doctors are aware of this simple requirement.

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Profile picture for brianjarvis @brianjarvis

There has been much discussion on this topic. There are a number of reasons why the PSMA PET scan results were negative:
1. There were actually no PSMA-positive lesions.

2. Your PSA was so low (0.17); at that low PSA, PSMA PET scans will miss about 70% of prostate cancers even though you suspect something is wrong due to the rising PSA.

3. About 15% of prostate cancers do not express PSMA (or very little PSMA). (This is referred to as being PSMA-negative or PSMA-naive.) So PSMA PET scans won’t even see them even though you suspect something is wrong due to the rising PSA.

Has your doctor recommended using a older type of PET scan, one that isn’t dependent on PSMA - like the older Axumin or Choline C11 or FDG PET scans - which might be able to detect the location of the recurrence that is causing your PSA to rise? (Mayo Clinic often uses the older C11 Choline PET scan for this purpose.)

Dr. Kwon (of Mayo Clinic) indicates that only 1/3 of men who have recurrence following prostatectomy have recurrence only in the prostate bed, and that they should not get salvage radiation there unless they’re absolutely certain of the location of recurrence. He says to first confirm where the recurrence is. See Dr. Kwon’s presentation about recurrence (https://youtu.be/Q2joD360_pI) and what actions to take if uncertain.

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@brianjarvis Thank you very much. I did watch Dr. Kwons presentation and it was helpful as well. We haven't gone down the road of an alternate imaging other than the PSMA but I will ask that question today as I did take it to heart to not start unless you know where the cancer is.
Thank to you all the comments and I very much appreciate the forum to ask questions and get others advice and relevant experiences.

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Your oncologist is correct - since you have had consecutive increases in PSA and are now approaching 0.2 - which is the definition of biochemical recurrence after prostatectomy, there really is no benefit or reason to postpone treatment - it just allows the remaining cancer cells to continue to grow, multiply and get stronger. If there is no definitive cancer identified through the PSMA PET CT, The radiation will be a wide field EBRT (external beam radiation therapy) to the pelvic area - with particular focus on the prostate bed and surrounding area (to treat any potential localized metastasis to the lymph system). They may also recommend androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in conjunction with the radiation - the hormone deprivation in combination with radiation has been proven to offer improved curative results vs radiation or ADT done alone. Wishing you the very best outcome and lasting remission in the future.

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Profile picture for jeff Marchi @jeffmarc

@abinoone
One reason is that ASCO is not a group of laymen.

You are new here so you don’t know about what has been going on with people around the country when they get poor treatment. We see it frequently in this forum. People whose doctors have not followed the standards of care and apparently don’t know what the standards are. So following your medical team can be a mistake if you are not informed about what the standards of care are.

I not only participate in this forum, but I go to nine online advanced prostate cancer meetings every month. I hear stories all the time from people that have not been given the minimum required treatment, and as a result, have aggressive prostate cancer.

It’s fine to listen to your medical team, but it is better to find out what the required treatment is so that when you speak to your medical team, you are informed and can ask for what should be the standard of care.

A good example of this is oncologists. There are medical oncologist, whose treat all different types of cancer, but aren’t experts on prostate cancer. Then there are Genito Urinary Oncologists, Who specialize in prostate cancer and know all of the standards and the new things going on because that is their specialty. I frequently hear about people who are going to medical oncologist, but aren’t being treated correctly.

We see this happening frequently when people are given Lupron without First having Biclutamide For a couple of weeks. Then they get a testosterone flare that increases their PSA and makes their cancer worse for a little while, and maybe longer.. This is another one of those things that happens frequently, but if the people come here, they can be informed ahead of time. For some reason, not all doctors are aware of this simple requirement.

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@jeffmarc we can probably put this aside but I for one just wanted to say your expertise is invaluable. For one, everyone knows they need to go through there Dr for approval or find a new Dr. Prostate issues are not something you can go to Mexico and buy a pill. But to have the opportunity to get the experience you provide and all the rest of the members on this site is empowering. I go to Mayo clinic COE and have learned more about an AUS device from the "laymen" on this site. Pretty well educated ones at that. That prepared me quite well when I saw the Dr for my appointment. I think any new members will soon see the service you and others provide.

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I had RP in November 2024. My Gleason score changed from 4+3 from the biopsy to 4+5 after surgery, with some adverse factors including bladder neck invasion. My PSA was 0.02 in June, 0.04 in September. While those are low, the trend was the wrong direction and we decided to begin radiation. I had a Lupron shot in October and began radiation in early December. I've had 20 of 39 radiation treatments. The rad onc recommended aggressive treatment and I agreed - no need to wait for a higher PSA when we know what's coming. Radiation is going well so far. Only side effect for me has been fatigue.

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Profile picture for jeff Marchi @jeffmarc

After a prostatectomy, they usually want to do Salvage radiation when the PSA hits .2.

That is exactly what happened to me And many other people I know of. I had the RP at 62. When My PSA hit .2 3.5 years later they gave me a six month Lupron shot and two months later I started 8+ Weeks of salvage radiation. They do it in a shorter time now, but they give you more radiation in each session.

Here is the recommendation from the standards group, I’ve included a link to the actual article so you can read the whole thing.

From Ascopubs about what PSA to do salvage radiation.
≤0.2 ng/mL:
Starting at this level maximizes disease control and long-term survival. Patients treated at PSA < 0.2 ng/mL achieve higher rates of undetectable post-SRT PSA (56-70%) and improved 5-year progression-free survival (62.7-75%).
Delaying SRT beyond PSA ≥0.25 ng/mL increases mortality risk by ~50%.

0.2–0.5 ng/mL:
Still effective, particularly for patients with low-risk features (e.g., Gleason ≤7, slow PSA doubling time). The Journal of Clinical Oncology recommends SRT before PSA exceeds 0.25 ng/mL to preserve curative potential.

0.5–1.0 ng/mL:
Salvage radiation remains beneficial but may require combining with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for higher-risk cases.

This article discusses the above;
https://ascopost.com/news/march-2023/psa-level-at-time-of-salvage-radiation-therapy-after-radical-prostatectomy-and-risk-of-all-cause-mortality/

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@jeffmarc with more aggressive features as my partner has, MO recommended to us yesterday at our first appointment to have him start Zytiga and Orogyx straight away and most likely 7 weeks of radiation. His PSA yesterday was 0.076 up from a month ago 0.072.

Would he want to wait a bit or start straight away because of the aggressive features his PCa has? Thank you

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Profile picture for anosmic1 @anosmic1

I had RP in November 2024. My Gleason score changed from 4+3 from the biopsy to 4+5 after surgery, with some adverse factors including bladder neck invasion. My PSA was 0.02 in June, 0.04 in September. While those are low, the trend was the wrong direction and we decided to begin radiation. I had a Lupron shot in October and began radiation in early December. I've had 20 of 39 radiation treatments. The rad onc recommended aggressive treatment and I agreed - no need to wait for a higher PSA when we know what's coming. Radiation is going well so far. Only side effect for me has been fatigue.

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@anosmic1 Thank you for your info. Very much appreciated and helpful.

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Profile picture for esperling @esperling

Your oncologist is correct - since you have had consecutive increases in PSA and are now approaching 0.2 - which is the definition of biochemical recurrence after prostatectomy, there really is no benefit or reason to postpone treatment - it just allows the remaining cancer cells to continue to grow, multiply and get stronger. If there is no definitive cancer identified through the PSMA PET CT, The radiation will be a wide field EBRT (external beam radiation therapy) to the pelvic area - with particular focus on the prostate bed and surrounding area (to treat any potential localized metastasis to the lymph system). They may also recommend androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in conjunction with the radiation - the hormone deprivation in combination with radiation has been proven to offer improved curative results vs radiation or ADT done alone. Wishing you the very best outcome and lasting remission in the future.

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@esperling Thank you

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Profile picture for sriddle1 @sriddle1

@jeffmarc with more aggressive features as my partner has, MO recommended to us yesterday at our first appointment to have him start Zytiga and Orogyx straight away and most likely 7 weeks of radiation. His PSA yesterday was 0.076 up from a month ago 0.072.

Would he want to wait a bit or start straight away because of the aggressive features his PCa has? Thank you

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@sriddle1
The problem is he does have an aggressive case of prostate cancer and, it is not a very big rise in PSA. The question is, does his case fit into the below guidelines for why someone should have Adjunct radiation, And not wait until PSA hits .2 for salvage radiation.

I know his Gleeson score is a nine so that hits one of the risk factors. Does he have one other of those below listed Risk factors?

I think this is something that @surftohealth88 Also was looking into. Maybe she can comment about why they decided to wait.

Adjunct radiation
Dr. Efstathiou concluded as follows:
* Early salvage radiotherapy is favored over adjuvant radiotherapy in most patients
* Consider adjuvant radiotherapy in otherwise fit, motivated, very high-risk patients with ≥2 of the following risk factors:
* pT3b-4
* Gleason score 8-10
* pN+ Lymph node Metz
* Decipher score >0.6
* In high-risk patients, use lower thresholds to initiate ‘ultra-early salvage or adjuvant-plus’ radiotherapy
* If giving adjuvant radiotherapy, it implies high-risk disease. Thus, Dr. Efstathiou would recommend treating the prostate bed and pelvic lymph nodes, in addition to short-term versus long-term ADT, depending on risk factors
* May consider genomic classifiers or artificial intelligence tools to help with informed decision-making
* The goal is to avoid (or delay) radiotherapy in those who we can, without missing a window to cure patients who are guaranteed to recur

Here is a link to the article supplied by @surftohealth88 originally
https://www.urotoday.com/conference-highlights/apccc-2024/151546-apccc-2024-debate-how-to-best-manage-a-fit-patient-with-high-risk-localised-and-locally-advanced-prostate-cancer-how-to-select-patients-for-adjuvant-therapy-after-radical-prostatectomy-and-how-to-treat-them.html

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