Your question seems simple but the answer is complicated.

There is the physical damage to the cochlea and then there is the auditory processing part of hearing. The ears ability to pick up sound and send electrical impulses to the brain is permanently damaged by noise. But the brain continues to change to adapt to conditions. If some sounds are not heard by the brain (due to noise damage) the brain forgets how to "hear" some sounds. The brain starts using that capacity in a different way. That is an ongoing process.

So my thought is that part of the hearing process is damaged by noise and stays that way while the auditory processing capacity continues to change through a persons life. AND everyone is different.