@fred1
I'm not trying to call you out, I'm just trying to understand what is the meaning of your post. Your AI comment says that small studies support the cardiovascular benefits while large studies are inconclusive. Because your comment includes the caveat that large studies are the gold standard, it leads to the interpretation that small studies do not matter. I will also add that imo most cardiovascular studies of vitamin and mineral supplements are inherently imperfect in that it's nearly impossible to take a group of individuals and determine what would happen if they take a supplement vs if they don't take a supplement. Each individual carries their own risks for cardiovascular disease that is not replicated in any other individual. It leads to an interpretation of the results and a conclusion that could be entirely different if a new study was to begin with a whole different set of individuals. Low vitamin D3 is associated with risks because of the important role it plays in our health. Maybe I just don't understand the point you were trying to make.