@howard137 Metoprolol has been around for donkeys' years, it's safe (with cautions), well tolerated, and it has more than one use as good drugs tend to have. Not only is it good for keeping a lid on tachyarrhythmias, but it also helps with incipient hypertension due to its effect on myocyte function. In fact, my cardiologist made it a point to say that, since I was nearing the point where I needed some help with that anyway, metoprolol would do. Well.....so I guess I was right about it stunting my cardiac output after all? [...crickets...]

The caution is that, particularly as dosages are increased on otherwise fit and healthy hearts, the patient can begin to slide into the realm of bradycardia. This is well established and widely reported on heart health fora by patients who say they feel faint, get buzzing in their ears, have poorer or constricted field of view in their eyesight, feel short of breath, etc. We see that they were recently prescribed metoprolol or that their dose was increase by 25mg or more/day.