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While cervical cancer can affect all women, non-Hispanic Black women in the U.S. face higher rates of diagnosis and mortality compared to white women. This disparity stems from systemic racism, socioeconomic factors, and healthcare access rather than genetic differences, explains Dr. Olivia Cardenas-Trowers, a Mayo Clinic urogynecologist.
Dr. Cardenas-Trowers emphasizes the importance of early detection through regular screenings, typically starting at age 21 for women at average risk. "Cervical cancer is diagnosed with tissue sampling, like a biopsy, but abnormal cells can be detected early through a Pap smear, which can lead to lifesaving interventions," she says.
Cervical cancer often has no symptoms in its early stages, making regular screenings critical. "In later stages, symptoms such as abnormal vaginal bleeding and pain, including during intercourse, may appear," she adds.
Prevention: The Role of HPV Vaccination
The primary risk factor for cervical cancer is HPV infection which can be prevented with a vaccine. "The HPV vaccine can be administered as early as age 9 and up to age 45, and it's important to know it's not just for women but also men," says Dr. Cardenas-Trowers.
Breaking Barriers to Care
Improving access to healthcare and building trust are key to reducing cervical cancer mortality among Black women. Dr. Cardenas-Trowers advises all women to:
- Establish care with a primary care clinician.
- Follow recommended screening guidelines.
- Get vaccinated against HPV if eligible, and vaccinate your children.
By prioritizing prevention and equitable access to care, the disparities in cervical cancer outcomes can be addressed, offering all women the opportunity for better health outcomes.
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