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Uterine cancer is the most common gynecologic cancer in the U.S., with an estimated 67,880 new cases and 13,250 deaths expected in 2024, according to the National Cancer Institute. While death rates for endometrioid cancer–the most common type–have remained stable, researchers recently reported that aggressive forms of uterine cancer have seen a significant rise, disproportionately affecting Hispanic, Black, and Asian communities.
Types of Uterine Cancer
- Endometrial cancer originates in the endometrial lining and is often treatable when detected early.
- Uterine sarcoma develops in the uterine muscles and tissues, and is rarer but more aggressive.
Both types have subtypes that can be more challenging to treat.
Risk Factors and Symptoms
Hormonal imbalances, particularly an increase in estrogen without progesterone, can raise the risk of uterine cancer. Obesity, polycystic ovarian syndrome, certain medications, and changes like menopause also contribute.
Key symptom: Abnormal vaginal bleeding, especially post-menopause or between menstrual cycles in younger individuals.
Prevention and Lifestyle Changes
While uterine cancer can't be fully prevented, and there is no standard screening for it, an annual pelvic examination is recommended.
Kristina Butler, M.D., a Mayo Clinic gynecologic oncologist, explains what you need to know to stay vigilant and reduce your risk:
- Maintain a healthy diet and weight.
- Exercise regularly.
- Consider birth control pills, which may reduce risk by 50%.
Advocating for Your Health
Regular pelvic exams and open communication with a trusted healthcare professional are crucial. Discuss your risk factors, including family history, hormone therapy, and personal health conditions.
If you are diagnosed with uterine cancer, Dr. Butler says you should try to seek care from National Cancer Institute-Designated Cancer Centers.
"We know that people have improved outcomes when they go to these centers, because they follow guidelines and provide the best evidence-based care for women," she says.
Takeaway
Stay vigilant. Listen to your body and address abnormal symptoms promptly. With early detection and proactive care, outcomes for uterine cancer can improve significantly.
Learn more about endometrial cancer and uterine sarcoma and find a clinical trial at Mayo Clinic.
Join the Gynecologic Cancers Group on Mayo Clinic Connect, an online community moderated by Mayo Clinic for patients and caregivers.
Original article published in Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center Blog
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