Understanding the Link Between PCOS and Endometrial Cancer

5 days ago | Kanaaz Pereira, Connect Moderator | @kanaazpereira

A recent study highlights the connection between polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and endometrial cancer, the most common type of uterine cancer. Kristina Butler, M.D., a Mayo Clinic gynecologic oncologist, explains that PCOS significantly increases the risk of endometrial cancer due to its impact on menstrual cycles and hormonal balance.

What is PCOS?

PCOS affects 13% of women globally and is characterized by:

Hormonal imbalances, including elevated androgens (male hormones)
Irregular or missed menstrual cycles
Ovarian cysts
Potential infertility

“PCOS is a combination of excess androgens and menstrual irregularity,” says Dr. Butler. Missing periods for extended periods can lead to a thickened uterine lining, which heightens the risk of endometrial cancer.

Key Risk Factors for Endometrial Cancer

Dr. Butler emphasizes that several factors contribute to endometrial cancer risk, including:

Genetics
Excess androgens
Obesity: “Obesity leads to elevated circulating estrogen levels, causing menstrual irregularities and thickening of the uterine lining,” she explains.

Managing PCOS and Reducing Cancer Risk

Dr. Butler highlights that oral contraceptive pills are a cornerstone treatment for PCOS. Combined oral contraceptives can also reduce the risk of endometrial, ovarian, and colon cancers.

The Importance of Early Detection

The good news is that endometrial cancer, when caught early, is highly treatable.
“With early diagnosis, surgery can cure most cases without the need for additional radiation or chemotherapy,” says Dr. Butler, adding that these patients often have an excellent long-term prognosis.

If you experience irregular or missed periods, it’s essential to consult with your healthcare provider. Early intervention can address underlying conditions like PCOS and reduce the risk of complications, including endometrial cancer.