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Cervical cancer affects women of all backgrounds, but non-Hispanic Black women in the U.S. are disproportionately diagnosed and face higher mortality rates compared to white women. According to Olivia Cardenas-Trowers, M.D., a urogynecologist at Mayo Clinic, this disparity stems from systemic racism, limited access to healthcare, and socioeconomic factors rather than genetic differences.
Screening for cervical cancer often starts with a Pap smear.
Dr. Cardenas-Trowers emphasizes the importance of awareness and regular screenings in combating cervical cancer . For average-risk women, screening typically begins at age 21 with a Pap smear, which can detect abnormal cells early, potentially preventing the progression to cervical cancer. Early-stage cervical cancer often presents no symptoms, making routine screenings crucial. Later stages, however, may cause symptoms such as abnormal vaginal bleeding or pain.
The primary risk factor for cervical cancer is HPV infection which can be prevented with a vaccine available for individuals aged 9 to 45. "It's very important to know the vaccine is not only for women but also for men," says Dr. Cardenas-Trowers.
To reduce the cervical cancer mortality rate among Black women, Dr. Cardenas-Trowers stresses the need for equitable access to healthcare and building trust within communities. She advises all women to establish care with a primary provider, adhere to recommended screenings, and ensure HPV vaccination for themselves and their children.
Learn more
Learn more about cervical cancer and find a cervical cancer clinical trial at Mayo Clinic.
A version of this article was originally published on the Mayo Clinic News Network.
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