Interesting. Perhaps more music is embedded in some brains than in others. Sounds are what you seem to be hearing; identifiable ones for the most part from past experiences. That can lean a bit towards tinnitus too.
We need to understand that 'auditory fatigue' is very real. We get exhausted from working so hard to hear, especially in challenging situations. When that happens we tune out and take an exit from input and output for a while.That's when others accuse of us not paying attention; not trying, etc. Many people decide to withdraw from social situations because of this. Others work through it.
Although it's not so helpful in group conversation you can use a strategy in one on one situations such a at home communication between spouses. Find a way to get the HH person's attention before starting to speak. My husband often clears his throat while sitting in the living room watching TV when he wants me to listen. For some reason, I can hear that...or have taught myself to hear it knowing that words will follow so I pay attention. (Right now with all the smoke in north central Minnesota from boundary water forest fires, we're both clearing our throats a lot! This too shall pass, thankfully.)
John has mild/moderate hearing loss that finally 'arrived' a year or so ago. I have to laugh because when he wants to hear, the remote for the TV goes on mute. He still hasn't figured out that is a key to my being able to hear him, and has been for years. He doesn't do that when he starts a casual conversation. Then I have to interrupt to ask him to mute the TV and that annoys him as it breaks up the spontaneity. Hearing loss challenges relationship. I say once more that if we don't learn to laugh at some of these things, all we can do is become angry and bitter.
Julie, I too must have the TV, radio or other background muted to hear properly - maybe because of my tinnitus? My husband finds it annoying that I do, even though he too comprehends better that way.
Over time, our friends must all be feeling the same, as "background music" at our gatherings is now either very soft, or completely absent as we all enter our 70's...
As for misunderstanding words - we just spent a couple days with my 7 yo great nephew, who has a speech impediment. That was an auditory workout, even without much hearing loss - especially when he chose me to be the one to practice reading lessons! But he is such an inquisitive and charming boy that we all worked hard to hear his 10,000 questions, even our friend with profound vision and hearing loss.
And one of his questions was about Bob's hearing aids - which he was allowed to examine closely, and which Bob described to him as "helping my ears to hear like your sister's glasses help her eyes to see" - hopefully one more child who won't be squeamish about them.
Sue