As to the produce - Wow! What caused you to ask this question? Does anyone have any research-based data/studies that might address this?
I am going to give my lay-person response - I think if you are swallowing the food, and not inhaling it, the acid and bacteria in your stomach will destroy any bacteria that might be on the food, so there is minimal risk of infection.
As to the water sprayer - I must have a similar sprayer - I can count on getting wet if I'm not careful. I just try to be sensible - not spray like crazy & keep my face away from the sink to minimize inhaling droplets - just like I keep my face out of the shower & use the "rainwater" setting with big, gentle drops instead of the finer sprays that aerosolize readily. I will say I am not ready to go around the house and remove the aerators from all the faucets...