Hi @walpar -- Welcome to Connect. I served on two different destroyers back in the 60s in Vietnam and our concern was agent orange. I did find a couple of references for you but you may have already seen them.

Military Occupational Exposure to Radiation
-- https://www.publichealth.va.gov/exposures/radiation/sources/occupational.asp

Diseases Associated with Ionizing Radiation Exposure
-- https://www.publichealth.va.gov/exposures/radiation/diseases.asp

When I'm looking for medical research information I also use Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/). Have you used it? Here are the search results for the phrase nuclear submarine radiation exposure +diseases:
-- https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C24&q=nuclear+submarine+radiation+exposure+%2Bdiseases&btnG=

Have you been in contact with any of your Navy crew shipmates to see if any are having the same medical issues? One of the ships I was on has a reunion ever 2 years which might be a good place to meet and discuss health problems due to military service. The Together We Served website might also be a source to find shipmates: https://navy.togetherweserved.com/usn/servlet/tws.webapp.WebApp?cmd=Landing

John