@mcgke91 - I was very interested by your story because in some ways it reminded me of my own. I too have always had a seemingly weak immune system, had my gallbladder removed in 2016 at age 27 (they took my appendix at that time too because it was malrotated - i.e., in the wrong place - and they also cut off a liver lesion they found, so it was a 3-for-1 procedure). I've had kidney stones twice (the first when I was 18) and they recently discovered I have a new liver lesion. Obviously, I could go on and on, but the gist is, I understand your frustration and am sorry you're having such problems. I wish I had an easy answer, but all I can offer is more questions to consider and reassurance that you're not alone.
1. I 100% concur with previous suggestions that you should get a second opinion with another rheumatologist. You do have several symptoms that are suggestive of lupus -- particularly the butterfly rash -- and I am of the firm opinion that if you do not feel comfortable with a doctor, you should seek another opinion, even if it's only to get the same diagnosis. Case in point - I saw an endocrinologist several times who told me my endocrine system was fine, but I never believed her because she never LISTENED; I just recently had an appointment with a different endocrinologist who essentially told me the same thing, but because she actually listened and looked at my records, I feel much more comfortable and confident that her assessment is correct. For your sanity, if not your physical health, it MATTERS. The obvious caution to this is, just make sure you check yourself as to whether you "didn't like the doctor" or "didn't like the (usually lack of) diagnosis". If you're open-minded, and willing to admit/accept that what the initial doctor is possible, that's the important part.
2. You mentioned the gastroenterologist - were you tested for Celiac (either by a blood and/or biopsy)? Celiac or even gluten intolerance can cause a lot of the symptoms you mention -- rash, migraines and obviously GI issues. One thing to consider/keep an open mind about, is whether you might have multiple issues going on that might be muddying the waters and making something common or typical seem complicated. If you're really motivated, you could try doing what's called a "differential diagnosis" on yourself: Write down every symptom you have, big or small (I divided my symptoms into "Ongoing/long-term" or new too). Then, research and write down every (or as many as possible) causes for EACH symptom by itself (reason being, if you did a symptom search for "nausea" with "rash", poison ivy for example probably wouldn't come up, even though your diagnosis could end up being poison ivy AND pregnancy or something rather than a one-diagnosis-fits-all like celiac). Then, start exploring/ruling out the answer that comes up most often all the way to the least. Most of the time we/doctors look for one thing to cover everything, when it could be several instead. I think I just figured out a cause for one of my totally random and inconsequential symptoms, and while yes, having that diagnosed is very unlikely to affect my overall/big issue, A) you never know what the doctor finds while looking into it, B) that particular diagnosis may be frequently associated with another more systemic one, C) you have one more thing to cross off your list of symptoms so the picture is clearer, and D) one less symptom making you feel bad.
3. The change in symptoms in 2018 is interesting. I assume you've looked at any changes -- new medications, new home/carpeting, major stress factors, vacations/traveling, etc?
4. An immunologist is actually not a bad suggestion; autoimmune diseases tend to be more well-known, but autoINFLAMMATORY (treated by an immunologist) often comes a lot of similar problems, like the poor immune response (learn more at http://www.nomidalliance.org/learn_intro.php).
5. I would get rolling on the process of applying to Mayo even if you're not sure you want to go -- applying does not mean you're legally bound to go if you are accepted, but it does mean if/when you do decide to go you're mostly set up to do so. In my case, I hemmed and hawed and stressed over whether to apply, only to be told they weren't accepting me for an appointment (which one of the specialists who referred me is still trying to work out). You may find yourself in a similar situation, in which case you could either accept that's not your path or start the process of trying to get in. Your reaction to the news of whether you've been accepted or not (relieved/excited or reluctant/uninspired) might even help guide your decision of whether to go or not, or your experience with the application process/staff might help in a similar way.
6. A great resource for the undiagnosed: https://globalgenes.org/toolkits/becoming-an-empowered-patient-a-toolkit-for-the-undiagnosed/introduction-2/
7. It sounds basic, and "how could that cause so many problems", but have you had your vitamin leverals checked? My personal situation has drastically improved since they discovered some deficiencies and started addressing them. Do I still think there's something else going on (probably)/do I think those deficiencies have caused all my problems (no)? But at least I've addressed something to feel well enough to return to work, plus it's not another "symptom" to consider exploring.
8. If you're anything like me, you're on a multitude of different drugs/supplements and/or have been for some time. Doctors are supposed to check your other medications before subscribing new ones, but it's easily or often overlooked for a variety of reasons, or perhaps there's new information out about an interaction the doctor isn't aware of. Heck, I even remember one time as a teenager, I was having "morning sickness" so to speak for several months; by sheer happenstance, I had one of my medications filled at a different pharmacy than usual and that pharmacy's label included a warning not to take the drug with Iron, which is what I'd been doing and why I'd been throwing up. I recommend checking whether any of your drugs could be causing problems together or even individually here: https://www.drugs.com/drug_interactions.html. There were quite a few surprises for me when I looked mine up that I'll absolutely be talking to my doctor(s) about.
I hope some of this is helpful. I hope you feel better soon!
Oh, another: 9. You asked about anything else to track: I recommend Vaccinations (will be particularly important if you see an immunoogist) and Medications (it's useful to know what you've tried, whether it was helpful/any reactions, who prescribed it, dosage, schedule, etc.). Medications can be particularly important when reviewing lab results, as some can affect your results (don't be surprised if you see "This medication can cause unusual results with certain medical tests" if you look some of your medications up on the website in #8). I recommend checking https://labtestsonline.org/ prior to any testing to see if there's any medications or special requirements (fasting, timing, etc.) you should at the very least ask your doctor about.