@northoftheborder The PATCH trial cited the exclusion criteria from a previous study: "We excluded patients with a previous history of major cardiovascular disease, defined as: cerebral ischaemia (eg, stroke or transient ischaemic attack) within 2 years of randomisation; history of deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolus confirmed radiologically or a known thrombophilic disorder; history of myocardial infarction or acute coronary syndrome within the past 6 months or more than 6 months with evidence of q-wave anterior infarct on electrocardiogram; unstable angina within the past year; angina that occurs on walking 100 m on the level or after climbing one flight of stairs at a normal pace and in normal condition, or angina that causes substantial limitation of ordinary physical activity or occurs at rest; New York Heart Association grade III or IV heart failure; and pulmonary oedema on chest radiography"

I'm not sure this means estradiol is contra-indicated for anyone with a history of blood clots.... Schellhammer or Wassersug would know more about this.