Barefoot shoes are shoes that are designed to help you walk as if you are barefoot while having some protection from the surface that you are walking on (stones, etc). The idea is that if you can feel the ground with your entire foot, you will be more stable and you will strengthen muscles in your foot and ankle by moving control from your shoe to you. It's the opposite of wearing a cushioned shoe with strong support, or alternatively, a shoe with a heel.

Barefoot shoes feel very strange when you first experience them. If you search "barefoot shoes" you will find a number of options. Here's one: https://www.vivobarefoot.com/us/size-guide. I have found it most comfortable to size up, to give me plenty of room for my toes to spread.

As you can imagine, it forces your feet to work a bit harder when you walk, which strengthens control and balance. You'll find these used by runners, too.