Yup, a lot going on all at once. In my lifetime I’ve seen a complete shift in reasoning; viruses - and even bacteria (h. Pylorii for instance) are the root cause of many cancers and other illnesses.
When I was first exposed to the oncogene concept almost 50 yrs ago (ugh!) it was believed that it was something you either had or didn’t have and that it somehow got turned on by a virus.
But now it’s pretty well understood that anyone’s genes can be altered by the HPV virus. It’s that heterogenous layer - the individual’s unique immune system - between the virus and the gene that makes all the difference in who gets sick and who doesn’t.