Yes, aggressive prostate cancer can move very quickly. One of my hospital roommates had been getting regular PSA screening (as a Canadian military vet), and his cancer was still in his bones before it was detected. So there are no guarantees, but at least annual PSA screening would reduce the number of de-novo metastatic cases.

(Also, without naming names, a certain prominent public figure who immediately tried to manipulate someone's advanced-cancer diagnosis into a political advantage should be deeply ashamed of himself. I'm not talking politics here, just basic human decency and compassion towards cancer patients.)