You pointed to many important facts that I myself discovered in past week of frantic research and self-education about PC. Yes - more and more younger people are diagnosed with PC and unfortunately in later stages because nobody is testing them for PC. That means that it is not the result of more testing but of NO testing at earlier age. If the number of cases rose and was discovered at the same stage of cancer and in the same age cohort comparing to 20 years ago than it could be attributed to more awareness and more testing. But it is not the case. It seams that man get this cancer now at earlier age and by the time they are diagnosed it is higher grade.
I also found out reading research articles and case descriptions that only after prostate is removed and examined in detail outside of the body one can know what exactly is level of pathological changes in the tissue and that it very, very often shows more advanced disease than what biopsy shows. My husband and I agreed when he was 3+3 that if it ever goes even just to 3+4 that the damn thing would be removed. He might not be young man in numerical age but he looks and behaves like much younger person and his parents lived to 90 so I do not even understand why is treatment adjusted by "age" group ? I of course understand that some older man might have other limitations and /or different preferences or are with other conditions that can make surgery too aggressive as approach but the more I read the more I can see how surgery gives a lot of advantage if done early since than radiation is still an option if needed later on, where it is not possible other way around. Yes , there are side effects, but hey, for us personally there is no worse "side effect" than risking not knowing what is brewing in that gland or around it. Unfortunately because of laxed surveillance in our case we might not have other option than radiation. We shall see. Choice of treatment plan is of course very individual and very personal decision that involves a lot of thought and consideration and it is important to have all of the facts and than do what feels the best. Good news is that it seems both approaches give very, very good results.
PS: as far as I found so far PC advocacy groups now suggest starting testing at 40 to get "baseline " result of PSA , to see what is normal level for each individual. As a side-note, my husband lost 50 year old friend to PC 4 years ago. He was never tested because he "was not 50" and at 50 his PC was so advanced that he died in span of a 4 weeks . He had NO symptoms of any illness till tumors reached his lungs.

I do not understand doctors - I really don't. PSA test is like 60 bucks ???? Even if not covered by insurance they should suggest it to their patients so patients have an option to do it themselves. How is it possible that we here as lay persons know about benefits of early PSA tests and they can suggest otherwise ? And on top of that having patient like "topf" with family history and not testing - I am flabbergasted.