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@heavyphil

What you posted right there, handera, is the single best example of all the contradictory discoveries we find on the internet.
For every study proving X, there’s a study debunking it and promoting Y. It can drive you bonkers!
The funny thing is that we all seem to think that the startling rise in cancer rates is solely to do with our modern diet, lack of exercise, environmental hazards, etc. Sure, there is some of that, esp. things like mesothelioma tied to asbestos, lung cancer to smoking, etc.
But people died from cancer centuries ago! There are accounts of breast cancer, skin cancers and others during pioneer times when there was no processed food, exercise was a necessity, and industrial waste was not as common as today.
The BIG difference is diagnosis. Imagine a country doctor trying to figure out why your 50 yr old father is in such pain, can’t pee and his leg “just done broke on his own”!
The poor guy probably had metastatic prostate cancer but how could anyone know? No PSA, no scans…nothing!
Now today we see a large increase in younger people getting cancer….getting ‘diagnosed’ is more like it since testing is so abundant (rampant?) today and drs. look for familial patterns of disease and start testing earlier.
We may not love the PSA test but once they can really refine it past the current PSE and onward, men will start getting tested at 40 yrs of age - and unfortunately even MORE cancer will be found and the news will be filled with the “startling rise” of prostate cancer in younger men.
But it will be the same as it ever was, to quote David Byrne, and for all that earlier testing and diagnosis some men will still die, just as they did in the Old West and in Roman times - if they lived that long in the first place.

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Replies to "What you posted right there, handera, is the single best example of all the contradictory discoveries..."

Thanks for your response. My urologist says that researching the causes, treatments and recommendations for living with PCa is like plummeting the mysteries of a "black hole"...to which I immediately quipped...well I think I have found a ledge from where I can look up and still see daylight! I think every PCa man peering from within this "black hole" needs to find his own "ledge"...as they say..."the devil is in the details"....

You're absolutely right, @heavyphil. It's hard for us scientific laypeople to understand the process.

Early studies are mostly about correlations, not causes. Imagine if space aliens could access only tiny fragments of news broadcasts from earth, and it took huge effort to decode each one. Over time, they collect and analyze enough of the to discover that there's a statistically-significant correlation between ice cream sales and shark attacks.

So problem solved, right? Eating ice cream causes sharks to attack people!

Now think of how long it would take for them to get from there to realising that the real connection is that humans both eat more ice cream and swim more in warm weather. It would be largely a matter of luck (e.g. accidentally stumbling on 10 seconds of an old Baywatch episode).

That's the difference between the early findings at the start of the research process and the major human trials at the end. Almost every "new discovery" we read about is just ice cream and shark attacks. They're 100% useless to us as current prostate-cancer patients, but for researchers, they can be hints of where it's worth investing more time and money to dig for the real cause.

Nail on the head.