My son has antiphospholipid syndrome and has been on warfarin since 2007. However his doctor changed him to pradexa 2010/11. Late 2011 he had another TIA. FIRST TIA WAS in 2007 when we learned he had APS.. Drs told him he has to be on warfarin forever. They think pradexa caused a vegetative growth in his aortic valve. THEY PUT HIM ON 10 wks of IV antibiotics every four hrs. In 2020, his cardiologist found either more vegetative growth or severe stenosis of his aortic valve. He had open heart surgery in August 2020 and they replaced his aortic valve with a pig valve. Then more recently same cardiologist did another echo and found severe stenosis again. May 29 he had a TAVR procedure replacing pig valve. My son is 53. Since his APS diagnosis 2007, he has also been diagnosed with Diabetes 2, chronic kidney disease, high blood pressure, seizures, and on July 4th he lost his eye sight. Went to bed July 3rd could see fine and woke up the next morning and could not see. Spent 2 wks in hospital running all kinds of tests, IV Steroids trying to reduce swelling of his optic nerve. Did 7 treatments of plasma exchange. Didn’t help. Docs said it may take 8 mos to see a difference and the best he could hope for would be only 80%. Hosp referred him to Atlanta Neuroscience Institute for further evaluation. Saw a MS specialist, she didn’t think it was MS. With MS, you may lose vision in just one eye not both. Doc indicated it might be neuromyelitis optica. Another autoimmune disease that attacks the myelin that insulates/ covers your nerves in you spinal cord, brain stem and optic nerve. Have new tests this coming week, 2 MRIS (thoracic spine and cervical). And Another lumbar puncture. It’s another rare neuro disease. No cure. Hopefully we’ll find out exactly what’s going on. Just wanted to let all you APS patients know warfarin is what he is taking. APS is a horrible autoimmune disease. Oh one more thing I discovered after reading up on neuromyelitis optica (NMO), there is a correlation/ connection to APS!!!! He has had APS for 17 yrs. You all keep good tract of your INR levels. My son’s INR range is 2-3. If his INR is outside that range he has to coordinate with his Coumadin clinic to change dosage until he’s back in the 2-3 range. Very important! God bless all of you who are dealing with APS.