Thank you for sharing this study, Gigiv. It is extremely interesting to learn about the potential benefits of coffee! A must read!!

ok, as a cocoa-drinker I searched google-scholar ,
my summary from recent reviews:
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> Cafeine appears to improve airways function modestly, for up to four hours,
in people with asthma
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drinking coffee reduced the pneumonia-risk in Japan by
31% with < 1 cup per day
33% with 1 cup per day
50$ with >=2 cups per day
no such effect with green tea
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coffee and tea can reduce the mortality of T2DM
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Coffee consumption is associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer
recurrence and all‐cause mortality
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1.5-2 cups of tea per day gave a 10% decrease in all-cause-mortality
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long-term consumption gave these reductions in cardiovascular mortality :
coffee : 37% in men , 0% in women
tea : 19%
alcohol , stroke : 44% increase in men , 126% increase in women
sugar-sweetened beverage : 31% increase
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4 cups of coffee vs. 2 cups per day gave a 32% lower risk of colorectal cancer
4 cups of coffee vs. 0 cups per day gave a 32% reduction of all-cause-mortality
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sitting 8h per day vs. 4h gave 46% more deaths in 13 years
coffee : 33% fewer deaths , i.e. cardiovascular
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habitual coffee consumption is associated with a reduction in the
prevalence of airflow limitation in postmenopausal women
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NTM may be inhaled in aerosolized form from both
water and soil
avoid gardening, farming, and tending to flowers.
1.droplets , 2. Swallowing+reflux 3. soil+dust
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coffee or caffeine gave a 30% _higher_ risk of COPD
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8% reduced pneumonia-risk with 1–3 cups of coffee/day
11% for oily fish
12% for fruit
-9% (higher risk) for red meat
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coffee reduces mortality from respiratory diseases, but not COPD [108,2017].
Maybe due to the bronchodilatory, anti-inflammatory effects of caffeine,
and the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of its polyphenols.
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108. Alfaro, T.M.; Monteiro, R.A.; Cunha, R.A.; Cordeiro, C.R.
Chronic coffee consumption and respiratory disease: A systematic
review. Clin. Respir. J. 2017, 12, 1283–1294. [CrossRef]
Coffee consumption was generally associated with a reduction in prevalence of asthma.
The association of coffee with natural honey was an
effective treatment for persistent post-infectious cough.
Coffee was associated with a reduction in respiratory mortality,
and one study found improved lung function in coffee
consumers. Smoking was a significant confounder in most studies.
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