I would definitely go back to the surgeon and make him revise the surgery with an emphasis that he put in the wrong part. I would emphasis that he made a mistake and should absorb the cost of the surgery.
If doesn't agree just tell him that you will see an attorney to seek compensatory and punitive damages.
You must be professional and firm. If need support take someone with you. You will be the only one to negotiate with the doctor.

Good luck and let us know how you do.