@jml6812 You're right, these results, your history and your symptoms do raise a lot of questions.

Let's try to address a few of them:
The mucus - those yellow/tan globs COULD be the artifacts left behind by the earlier Pseudomonas infection, which airway clearance is finally removing from deep in your lungs.

The M. Abscessus - a single finding of a "few colonies" does not necessarily mean an active infection - this could have been an incidental finding and the bug failed to "take up residence" due to your airway clearance and/or other antibiotics.

The Pseudomonas - Yes, the newer lab tests (PCR type) show positive or negative for pseudo in a matter of hours, compared to the 3-5 days required by older culture methods.

The AFB/gram stain positive findings vs the negative culture -
AFB stains are used for detecting all forms of acid-fast bacilli, mainly mycobacteria and nocardia. That slide only indicates the presence of any acid-fast bacilli, but does not differentiate among them. Further testing is required to determine which is present.
Not all strains of Mycobacteria (well over 100) are considered pathogenic to humans, and I am not sure how various labs handle reporting them.

I'm not sure whether your doctor will order another sputum culture, but according to my ID doc, the "gold standard" is three sputum samples taken on 3 consecutive mornings and stored in the refrigerator, then brought to the lab. This rules out the potential for accidental contamination of a single sample by atmosphere or touch. Processing 3 samples in the lab also reduces risk of in-lab contamination.

In the mean time, are your symptoms improving?
Sue